The alternative minimum tax (AMT) exemption amounts for individuals have been altered for the 2008 tax year.  The amounts were increased in 2007 as a one year “patch” in order to reduce the number of individuals who would otherwise be subject to the AMT and thereby minimize the “spread” of AMT liability to an increasing number of taxpayers.  The Extenders and AMT Relief Act of 2008 will keep the AMT exemption amounts from decreasing to pre-“patch” levels for one more year, and are set slightly higher than the exemption amounts for 2007. 

The new AMT exemption amounts are given below:

$69,950 (up from $66,250 in 2007) for married couples filing a joint return and surviving spouses

$46,200 (up from $44,350 in 2007) for an individual who isn’t married or a surviving spouse

 $34,975 (up from $33,125 in 2007) for married individuals filing separate returns

The AMT exemption amounts will drop back down to the pre-”patch” rates for tax years beginning in 2009, assuming no further “patches” or broader changes to the AMT generally.  These exemption amounts are given below:

$45,000 for married couples filing a joint return and surviving spouses

$33,750 for an individual who isn’t married or a surviving spouse

$22,500 for married individuals filing separate returns

The Kiddie tax AMT exemption amount has also been altered for the 2008 tax year.  For a child subject to the “kiddie tax” (certain children with unearned income over $1,800 for 2008), the AMT exemption amount can’t exceed the sum of the child’s earned income plus $6,400 in 2008.  In addition, the kiddie tax AMT exemption can’t be more than the child’s regular AMT exemption (the unmarried individual’s exemption amount given above).

Source: RIA Checkpoint

... Revenue raisers. The revenue raisers in the Act include broker reporting of customers' basis in securities transactions, an extension of the 0.2% FUTA surcharge, a limited Code Sec. 199 domestic production activities deduction for the oil and gas industry, and new rules for nonqualified deferred compensation from certain tax-indifferent parties.

Source: RIA Checkpoint

To pay for the $15.1 billion of housing tax incentives in the recently enacted “Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008,” Congress passed several offsetting revenue raisers, including a requirement that banks provide information returns reporting annual credit card sales to IRS and to merchants, a provision requiring homeowners to pay tax on gains made from the sale of a second home to reflect the portion of time the home was used as a vacation or rental property, and a provision delaying for one year a “worldwide interest allocation provision” that would result in lower taxes for some multinational companies.  Here are the details of these revenue-raising provisions.

For returns for calendar years beginning after 2010, the new law requires banks and online payment networks to file an information return with IRS reporting the gross amount of credit and debit card payments a merchant receives during the year, along with the merchant’s name, address, and taxpayer identification number (TIN).  Reporting is also required for third party network transactions.  (1) annual credit and debit card transactions exceeding $20,000 in the aggregate, and (2) an aggregate number of such transactions during the year that exceeds 200.

Most homeowners are aware of the homesale exclusion, a provision of the tax laws which provides that homeowners who sell their principal residence typically don’t need to pay taxes on as much as $500,000 of their gain if they meet certain conditions.  (The $500,000 exemption is the maximum exclusion for a married couple filing jointly; taxpayers filing individually get an exemption of up to $250,000.)  To be eligible for the full exclusion, a taxpayer must have owned the home – and lived in it as his or her principal residence – for at least two of the five years prior to the sale.  Because of the “principal residence” requirement, vacation or second homes normally don’t qualify for the exclusion.  However, in what some saw as a loophole, the law permitted taxpayers to convert their second home to their principal residence, live in it for two years, sell it, and take the full $250,000/$500,000 exclusion available for principal residences, even though portions of their gains were attributable to the periods when the property was used as a vacation or second home, not a principal residence.

The new law closes that “loophole” by requiring homeowners to pay taxes on gains made from the sale of a second home to reflect the portion of time the home was not used as a principal residence (e.g., vacation or rental property).  The amount taxed will be based on the portion of the time during which the taxpayer owned the home that the house was used as a vacation home or rented out.  The rest of the gain remains eligible for the up-to-$500,000 exclusion, as long as the two-out-of-five year usage and ownership tests are met.  The new law in effect reduces the exclusion based on the ratio of years of use as a principal residence to the total time of ownership.  For example, if a taxpayer owned a vacation home for ten years, but lived in it as a principal residence only for the final two years prior to sale, the maximum available exclusion would be reduced by four-fifths.  Accordingly, a $400,000 gain on the sale that would be eligible for the full exclusion under pre-Act law would be reduced by four-fifths, to $80,000.

In 2004, Congress provided taxpayers with an election to take advantage of a liberalized rule for allocating interest expenses between U.S. sources and foreign sources for purposes of determining a taxpayer’s foreign tax credit limitation.  Although enacted in 2004, this election was not scheduled to be available to taxpayers until tax years beginning after 2008.  The new law delays the phase-in of this new liberalized rule for two years (to tax years beginning after 2010).  Special transition rules apply in the first year that the liberalized rule phases in.

The single largest provision in the $15.1 billion package of housing tax incentives in the recently enacted Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008 is a measure allowing individuals buying their first home to take a tax credit of up to $7,500 of the purchase price.  Qualified homebuyers can subtract the credit amount from their federal income tax when they buy a home and even get a refund if the credit exceeds the tax.  However, they are then required to pay the credit back over 15 years.  The result is that the credit resembles an interest-free loan that must be repaid to the government.  Here are the details of the new credit:

• The home must be located in the U.S. and must be the taxpayer’s principal residence (main home).  The taxpayer (and the taxpayer’s spouse if married) must not have owned another principal residence in the U.S. in the three-year period before purchasing the new home.  This, the home doesn’t literally hav eto be the taxpayer’s first home.
• The home must have been purchased from April 9, 2008 through June 30, 2009, inclusive.  Purchases from certain related persons and acquisitions by gift or inheritance don’t qualify.  A home constructed by the taxpayer does qualify if the taxpayer moves in from April 9, 2008 through June 30, 2009.
• The credit is equal to 10% of the price paid for the home, up to a maximum of $7,500.  The $7,500 maximum credit applies both to individuals and married couples filing a joint return.  A married individual filing separately can claim a maximum credit of $3,750.
• The credit is phased out for individual taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income (AGI) between $75,000 and $95,000 ($150,000 and $170,000 for joint filers) for the year of purchase.  Taxpayers with a modified AGI over $95,000 ($170,000 for joint filers) can’t claim the credit. 
• The credit is refundable, meaning that households with incomes too low to owe income tax can benefit from it.
• In the second year after purchase, taxpayers who took the credit must start paying back the credit in equal installments over 15 years, with no interest charge.  This works as follows.  Suppose a first-time homebuyer purchases a home for $100,000 this coming December and claims the maximum credit of $7,500 on his 2008 tax return.  He would then be required to pay back $500 (one-fifteenth of the credit) on his tax return for 2010 and for each of the following 14 years, through 2024.
• If the taxpayer sells the home (or the home ceases to be the principal residence of the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s spouse) before complete repayment of the credit, any remaining credit is due on the tax return for the year in which the home is sold (or ceases to be the principal residence).  If the home was sold at a loss to an unrelated person, repayment of the remaining credit is forgiven to the extent of the loss.
• No credit is allowed if: the taxpayer was ever entitiled to a D.C. homebuyer credit; the home purchase was financed through tax-exempt mortgage revenue bonds; the taxpayer is a nonresident alien; or the taxpayer disposes of the residence (or it ceases to be a principal residence) in the year of purchase.

source: RIA Checkpoint